The coffee (Coffea spp.) has African origin and is one of the most consumed grains worldwide. The culture has more than one hundred species already known worldwide, but the two most commercialized species are the C. arabica, with 70% of world trade, and C. canephora, with 30%. In Brazil, the largest coffee producer and second largest consumer of the drink, the most cultivated species are Arabica, with 80% of the planting area, Robusta and Conilon. These planting areas are distributed in the States of Minas Gerais, Pará, São Paulo, Rondônia, Espírito Santo, Bahia, Paraná, Amazonas, Rio de Janeiro, Goiás and Mato Grosso.
The crop is subject to attack by various pests and diseases. Among pests, it is important to highlight nematodes, mainly from the genera Meloidogyne e Pratylenchus, the miner attack (Leucoptera coffeella) and the coffee borer (hypothenemus hampei). Among the diseases, it is important to highlight the most important ones, such as rust (Hemileia Vastatrix), cercosporiosis (Cercospora coffeicola), Phoma spot (Phoma spp.), ascochyta spot (Ascochyta coffea) and halo spot, caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas syringae PV. garcae.
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By Giulia Dinardo Miranda (FCAV/Unesp); Antonio Carlos Maringoni (FCA/Unesp); Luis Otávio Saggion Beriam (APTA); Rita de Cássia Panizzi (FCA/Unesp); Tadeu Antônio Fernandes da Silva Júnior (FCA/Unesp)
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