Tempocampo System publishes bulletin for August 2023

The states of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul and Goiás, in the Central-West Region, the states of Pará, Amapá and Tocantins, in the North Region, and the states of Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte and Paraíba, in The Northeast region received the lowest volumes of rain in the country during the month of August. Rainfall of up to 60 mm was recorded only in some areas in the south of Goiás, in the Federal District region, in the eastern and western regions of Mato Grosso do Sul, in the northwest of the states of Mato Grosso and Pará and in the west of Paraíba. The states that received the highest volumes of rain were Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, where between 90 and 120 mm were accumulated. In eastern Paraná, the accumulations also reached 120 mm. In the North Region, the states of Roraima and Amazonas had accumulations of 60 to 90 mm in large areas of their territory. In Acre and Rondônia, rainfall totaled a maximum of 60 mm. In the Southeast Region, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro received more abundant rain, while in São Paulo, no more than 60 mm was accumulated. In Sergipe, Alagoas, Pernambuco, and Bahia, rainfall was also between 30 and 60 mm.

Soil water storage values ​​of less than 15% were recorded in almost the entire area of ​​the states of Rondônia, Pará, Amapá, Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Bahia, Minas Gerais, and São Paulo. In large areas of Acre and the southwest and southeast regions of Amazonas, water storage in the soil was also below 15%. In the states of Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe, Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, and in a large part of Amazonas, Roraima and Paraná, storage remained between 15 and 30%. In Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, conditions were more favorable. Storage remained between 45% and 60%, reaching 75% in some areas.

In the North and Central-West regions and in a large part of the Northeast, the highest temperatures in the country were recorded, exceeding 33 °C. In the other states of the Northeast Region, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe and Bahia, the maximum temperatures were between 27 and 29 °C, exceeding 31 °C in the extreme west of Bahia. In most parts of Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo, maximum temperatures ranged from 25 to 27°C. In São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, the maximum temperatures remained between 27 and 29 °C. In the Triângulo Mineiro and northwest of São Paulo, maximum temperatures exceeded 29 °C. In the South Region, temperatures were milder. In Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul and much of Paraná, the maximum temperatures were below 25 °C. Maximum temperatures above 25 °C were observed in western Paraná and on the state's borders with São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul.

The lowest temperatures in the country, below 12°C, were recorded in Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. In the states of Paraná, São Paulo and Minas Gerais, the minimum temperatures varied between 12 and 18°C. In Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo, the minimum temperatures were between 15 and 18°C. In the Central-West Region and in the states of Bahia, Sergipe, Alagoas, Pernambuco and Paraíba, minimum temperatures of 18 to 21°C predominated. In the other states of the Northeast Region and throughout the North Region, the minimum temperatures ranged from 21 to 24°C. In some areas of Amazonas and Pará, the minimum temperatures exceeded 24°C.

Weather and Brazilian agriculture

According to the latest survey released by Conab, the second crop corn harvest reached 84% of the cultivated area. According to Imea, the harvest in Mato Grosso has been completed, with an adjustment of the expected harvest yield to 113,52 sc/ha, a value 0,75% higher than the last estimate. With the consolidation of the cultivated area at 7,49 million hectares, the final production of the cycle was estimated at 51,03 million tons, a record for the State. In Mato Grosso do Sul, the harvest reached 59% of the sown area, the pace of field operations was reduced due to the high humidity of the grains and limitations in unloading trucks. Although crops in the southwest of the state were affected by rain and strong winds, which caused plants to fall, no significant losses in productivity are expected. According to Aprosoja/MS, 91,6% of crops in Mato Grosso do Sul are in good condition, 7,1% in regular condition and 1,3% in poor condition. In Goiás, the harvest is progressing as expected, with 97% of the cultivated area already harvested. The low air humidity favored the evolution of the harvest in the State, contributing to the drying of the grains. In some regions of Goiás, the harvest progresses depending on storage availability.

The harvest in Paraná is behind in relation to the last harvest, its progress was limited mainly by the occurrence of heavy rains. Furthermore, there was high grain humidity and plant overturning caused by strong winds in July, which made the operation of harvesters difficult. In its latest update, Deral/PR reported that 63% of the second harvest corn area has already been harvested. Approximately 77% of crops grow under favorable climatic conditions, 21% under intermediate conditions and 2% under poor conditions. The harvest evolved satisfactorily in the west, southwest and center-west regions of Paraná, where the yields obtained were close to those estimated. Some producers in Paraná have already started sowing the next corn crop, with prospects of reducing the cultivated area. In Rio Grande do Sul, sowing of the next corn crop has also begun. Emater/RS reported that the operation is more advanced in the western region of the state. Frequent rains and higher temperatures favored the establishment of the crop, but there is concern about the occurrence of leafhoppers in tiguera corn, leading some producers to adopt control measures.

In São Paulo, crops are in the maturation and harvest phase. In Minas Gerais, a reduction in grain moisture in the field is expected, but the harvest has already been completed in the hottest areas of the state. Due to the proximity of the start of the next harvest and the risk of fire, harvesting operations must continue to advance in the State. In Maranhão, the harvest was completed in the south and central regions. In Piauí, the harvest was completed with yields below initial estimates, the crops were established in good conditions, but there was a loss of productivity caused by water deficits in some areas. In Pará, weather conditions were favorable for drying and harvesting grains, however, the progress of harvesting operations was limited by the lack of storage space.

The latest survey released by Conab showed that 78,4% of the area sown with cotton has already been harvested. In Mato Grosso, according to Imea, 75,9% of the cultivated area has already been harvested, with an average productivity of 296@/ha of seed cotton, highlighting the northeast region of the State, where the harvest is more advanced, with 92 % of its area harvested. Sunny days and low humidity favored the opening of the bolls and the progress of the harvest. In general, climatic conditions throughout the cycle allowed for good cotton development. In Mato Grosso do Sul, the weather favored the defoliation of the last plots and the harvest in the central-north region. The rains interrupted the cotton harvest only at the end of the month, but did not harm the fiber quality of the remaining crops. However, the return of moisture to the soil favors the regrowth of ratoons, which must be managed in order to reduce boll weevil outbreaks. In Goiás, the yields obtained are within expectations and the harvest has advanced in irrigated crops, with the exception of the extreme south, where rains have delayed harvesting operations in some areas. Crops from the west and center-south of Bahia are being harvested. While good productivity and excellent fiber quality are observed in crops in the west, negative impacts of water restrictions are noted in crops in the center-south, where low productivity is being obtained. In Maranhão, crops are in the maturation and harvest phase, the rains were poorly distributed and sowing took place outside the ideal time frame, but the harvest of first and second harvest crops is in progress. In Piauí, the harvest was completed with good productivity achieved. In Minas Gerais, the harvest is progressing with good productivity and fiber quality.

Wheat sowing has already been completed across the entire projected national area and harvesting has begun. In general, crops in the main producing states have developed under favorable conditions, maintaining projections of good yields. In Paraná, according to Deral, 76% of crops are in good condition, 19% in intermediate condition and 5% in poor condition. Crops in poor conditions are concentrated in the regions of Cascavel, Toledo, Francisco Beltrão and Campo Mourão. Most of the crops in Paraná are in the fruiting and maturation stages. There are records of crops in Paraná with germination failures and performance losses caused by high temperatures. Blast cases were also frequent in August. The occurrence of this fungal disease, which causes leaf spots and bleaching of ears, was favored by heat and high humidity, reducing the productive potential of some areas of the State. Harvesting operations have already started in Paraná, but have progressed slowly due to competition with the second crop corn harvest. Around 13% of the state's crops have been harvested so far. In Rio Grande do Sul, according to Emater/RS, 50% of crops are in the vegetative development phase, 39% in the flowering phase and 11% in the grain filling phase, and the majority have satisfactory development. High temperatures accelerated the rate of growth and development of crops in Rio Grande do Sul. The rains recorded in August favored, above all, later crops, and optimized the applications of nitrogen fertilizers under cover. Temperature and humidity conditions have also favored the occurrence of fungal diseases, such as powdery mildew, rust and Fusarium head blight, leading to the intensification of phytosanitary management.

The second bean harvest was completed, leaving only third-harvest crops left in the field. Harvesting is underway in Bahia, but operations are still in their infancy. Productivities obtained to date are below those initially projected. The water deficit that affected some producing regions of the State caused significant losses in productive potential. In Pará, cowpea crops, established late in relation to other producing states, are still in the vegetative development and flowering phases. Despite the reduction in rainfall volumes, in general, humidity has been sufficient to ensure good crop development. In São Paulo, the third bean harvest is concentrated in the regions of Barretos and São Joaquim da Barra, and is conducted using supplementary irrigation. Around 75% of São Paulo's crops have already been harvested and the crops that remain in the field are in the grain filling and maturation phases. In Minas Gerais, more than 50% of third-crop bean crops have already been harvested. Dry weather has favored the maturation and drying of grains, and enabled harvesting operations to advance. The yields obtained to date and the quality of the grains are satisfactory. In Goiás, around 75% of the crops were harvested, with good yields and good grain quality. The remaining areas, sown late, are predominantly maturing and have good phytosanitary conditions due to the unfavorable climate for the occurrence.