In November 2022, the highest volumes of rain in the country, exceeding 240 mm, were recorded in the states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, Bahia and Tocantins. The volumes of rain accumulated in the states of Acre, Amazonas and Amapá were also satisfactory, exceeding 210 mm.
In most of the South Region, rainfall totaled 150 to 180 mm. Some areas in the north of Paraná and the west of Rio Grande do Sul received a maximum of 150 mm. In some areas in the east of Santa Catarina and in the north of Rio Grande do Sul, up to 210 mm were accumulated.
In the Central-West Region, rainfall was most abundant in Goiás, where 180 to 210 mm accumulated. In Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, 120 to 180 mm were recorded.
Drier weather prevailed in the states of Pernambuco, Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará, where a maximum of 90 mm was recorded.
The lowest values of water storage in the soil, less than 15%, were recorded in a large part of the Northeast Region, in the states of Pernambuco, Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará. Low storage values, less than 30%, were recorded in most of São Paulo, in the north of Paraná and in the east of Mato Grosso do Sul.
In the Central-West and South Regions, storage predominantly varied between 30 and 45%, with the exception of isolated areas in the extreme south and north of Rio Grande do Sul, in the east of Santa Catarina, in the north of Goiás and in the southeast of Mato Grosso, where soil humidity is between 45 and 60%.
The highest storage values, exceeding 60%, were recorded only in the states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, Bahia, Tocantins, Amapá, Amazonas and Acre.
In the Central-West and North regions, the maximum temperatures were predominantly between 29 and 31°C. In much of the Northeast Region and in scattered areas of the North Region, maximum temperatures reached 33°C. In Bahia and São Paulo, the maximum temperatures remained between 27 and 29°C. In the other states of the Southeast Region, in Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul, the maximum temperatures were 25 to 27°C. In Santa Catarina, the lowest maximum temperature values were recorded, which remained below 25°C.
The lowest temperatures in the country, below 17°C, occurred in the states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. In most of the Central-West Region, the minimum temperatures remained between 19 and 21 °C, with the exception of eastern Mato Grosso do Sul and southeast Goiás, where the minimum temperatures were 17 to 19°C. In Bahia, minimum temperatures above 19°C predominated. In the other states of the Northeast Region and the North Region, the minimum temperatures remained between 21 and 25°C.
The sowing of the 2022/23 corn harvest is progressing in the South Region. According to the Department of Rural Economy of Paraná (DERAL), sowing has already been completed in 99% of the area projected for the summer harvest and, of the crops already implemented , 1% is in the germination phase, 90% in vegetative development and 9% in flowering.
The estimate for the 2022/23 corn harvest in Paraná maintains the production projection of 3,9 million tons, a value 32% higher than that obtained in the previous harvest. Low temperatures and high cloud cover damaged crops that were just beginning to develop at the beginning of November, but meteorological conditions became more favorable throughout the month. Eighty-three percent (83%) of crops in Paraná are developed under good conditions, 15% under intermediate conditions and only 2% under poor conditions.
The lack of rain during the heading phase is expected to cause estimated losses of 15 to 20%. This condition left producers concerned and slowed down the sowing rate. Around 80% of the projected areas have been sown to date. Sixty-nine percent (69%) of the crops that have already been established are in the vegetative stage, 21% are in flowering and 10% have already reached the grain filling stage.
In Santa Catarina, sowing is already in its final stages and excessive rain and low temperatures have negatively affected the state's crops. In Minas Gerais and Goiás, sowing has also advanced and has already been completed in around 83 and 62% of the projected areas in each state, respectively. In São Paulo, sowing has already been completed. In Bahia, sowing advanced with the onset of rain and around 55% of crops have already been sown.
Soybean sowing has been completed in more than 80% of the projected national area. In Mato Grosso, regular rains favored field operations. In Mato Grosso do Sul, the lack of humidity slowed down the sowing rate; Hailstorms also affected crops in the center and southwest of the state. In Goiás, water scarcity and irregular rainfall also hampered field operations. In Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul and Goiás, 100, 98 and 85%, respectively, of the crops have already been established and are predominantly in the vegetative development and flowering phases.
In Matopiba, sowing is progressing more quickly in the states of Tocantins, Bahia and Piauí, where 75, 73 and 70% of soybean crops have been planted, respectively. In Maranhão, sowing operations have already been completed in 49% of the projected areas.
In the South Region, 96% of crops were established in Paraná and 74% in Santa Catarina. According to DERAL, 93% of soybean crops in Paraná are in good condition, 6% in average condition and 1% in poor condition, 4% are in the germination phase, 82% in vegetative growth, 14% in flowering and 1% in fruiting.
In Rio Grande do Sul, the delay in harvesting winter crops and dry weather led to the delay in soybean sowing in the state, which, to date, has been completed in only 60% of the projected areas. This condition could be reversed if it rains again in the coming weeks, given that sowing carried out until the end of December is considered normal.
The first bean harvest is also progressing. In Paraná, sowing has already been completed in around 99% of the projected areas. Low temperatures slowed down the pace of crop development in some regions of the state and the high volume of rain in producing regions increased the pressure of fungal diseases.
According to DERAL, 68% of bean crops in Paraná are in good condition, 29% in average condition and 3% in poor condition, 1% are in the germination phase, 49% in vegetative growth, 31% in flowering, 16 % in fruiting and 3% have already reached the maturation phase.
In Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, 82 and 80% of the planned areas have already been sown. Low temperatures can cause occasional losses in productivity in crops in these states. In Minas Gerais and Goiás, 87 and 100% of bean crops have already been established, respectively. In São Paulo, the first bean harvest is approaching its end, with 95% of the crops harvested.
Around 87% of Brazilian wheat crops have already been harvested. In October, the harvest was completed in Bahia and São Paulo and, in November, in the states of Goiás, Minas Gerais and Mato Grosso do Sul. Around 98% of Paraná's crops have already been harvested. Productivity lower than projected has been obtained due to insufficient rainfall at the beginning of the cycle. Excess moisture at the end of the cycle compromised the quality of the harvested grains. According to DERAL, around 26% of wheat crops in Paraná are in intermediate conditions and 74% in good conditions.
In Rio Grande do Sul, crops and harvest were favored by the climatic conditions, in Santa Catarina, despite end-of-cycle fungal diseases being favored by high humidity, causing losses in productive potential and grain quality, weather conditions more stable conditions in recent weeks have made it possible to advance the harvest. Most of the crops in the Southern Region are in the maturation and harvesting phases.
According to the Sugarcane Industry Union (Unica), there was an increase of 109,32% in sugarcane crushing in the Center-South Region, during the first fortnight of November, in relation to the amount recorded in the same period as the last harvest.
The amount of ATR per ton of processed sugar cane increased by 2,54% compared to the same period in the last agricultural cycle. Increases of 72,01% and 162,19% were observed for ethanol and sugar production, respectively.
During the fortnight, crushing in the 2022/23 harvest advanced and reduced the difference in relation to the 2021/22 harvest. Despite this condition, it is not yet possible to estimate the total amount of raw material that will be processed by the end of the current cycle. This will depend on the rainfall regime in the coming months. In the first half of November, 66 plants stopped crushing sugar cane from the current harvest. In total, the harvest has already been closed in 118 units. The end of the harvest is already expected for another 64 plants.
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The event, held at Palácio de Cristal, in Uberlândia (MG), brought together around 600 guests, including representatives of the Minas Gerais grain production chain, politicians, authorities and guests
