Tempocampo System publishes January bulletin

The month of January was marked by a high amount of rain in most of the country's agricultural regions. In the North Region, with the exception of Roraima, the total rainfall exceeded 240 mm, while in the Northeast Region, the most abundant rains were recorded in Maranhão , Piauí, Ceará and the extreme west of Bahia. In the other northeastern states, the accumulated rainfall did not exceed 90 mm. In Mato Grosso and Goiás, total rainfall exceeded 240 mm. Higher volumes of precipitation were also recorded in the north of Mato Grosso do Sul. Accumulated amounts exceeding 240 mm were recorded in most of the territories of Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. In Paraná, total rainfall ranged from 90 mm to 150 mm, in Santa Catarina, from 90 mm to 120 mm and in most of Rio Grande do Sul, rainfall totaled up to 90 mm.

Due to the large volume of rain, the North Region presented the highest values ​​of water storage in the soil. In the states of Pará, Amapá and northern Amazonas, humidity exceeded 90%. In the south of Pará, in Tocantins, in Rondônia, in most of Amazonas and in the regions of Cruzeiro do Sul and Rio Branco, in Acre, humidity varied between 75% and 90%. The lowest soil water storage values ​​in the Northern Region were recorded in Roraima, ranging from 15% to 45%, a condition similar to that observed in Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Norte and Paraíba. In Maranhão and Piauí, storage was greater than 75%. The lowest soil moisture values ​​in the country, of a maximum of 15%, were recorded in Pernambuco, Alagoas and Sergipe. In Rio Grande do Sul the situation is also critical, with soil humidity below 30% across the state. Soil humidity above 75% was recorded in almost all of Mato Grosso and Goiás, while Mato Grosso do Sul presented water storage values ​​between 45% and 75%.

Temperatures

In general, in the North Region, maximum temperatures between 27°C and 31°C prevailed, with the exception of Roraima, where maximum temperatures were between 31°C and 33°C. In Mato Grosso, the maximums were between 29°C and 31°C, in Goiás, between 27°C and 29°C, while in Mato Grosso do Sul, maximums of 31°C to 33°C were recorded in some regions. In the Northeast Region, maximum temperatures above 29°C predominated, with peaks of up to 33°C in Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas and Sergipe. In the Southeast Region, maximum temperatures varied between 25°C and 27°C, with the exception of some areas of Minas Gerais where maximum temperatures were below 25°C. The highest maximum temperatures in the South Region occurred in Rio Grande do Sul, reaching 33°C. Maximum temperatures of 27°C to 29°C were recorded in Paraná and Santa Catarina.

The lowest temperatures in the country occurred in Minas Gerais, staying between 16°C and 19°C. In other states in the Southeast and South regions, the minimum temperatures varied between 19°C and 21°C. In the North and Northeast regions, minimum temperatures varied between 21°C and 25°C. Bahia was the exception, with minimum temperatures between 19°C and 21°C. In the west of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, the minimum temperatures were between 21°C and 23°C and, in the east of Mato Grosso and in Goiás, between 19°C and 21°C.

Weather and Brazilian agriculture

Soybean sowing was completed in almost the entire country in January, with only small areas remaining in Maranhão and Rio Grande do Sul in the sowing phase. In Mato Grosso, more than 15% of crops have already been harvested and, in Goiás, harvesting began in some areas in the last week of January. The yield has remained within expectations and good quality grains have been obtained in most of the harvested areas in both states. Specific records were made of losses caused by pests and grains that presented some type of damage. Excess humidity in the southwest of Goiás contributed to the emergence of rust outbreaks. In the center-south of Mato Grosso do Sul, the lack of rain persists, reducing productivity expectations.

In general, meteorological conditions were favorable for Matopiba's crops, with the exception of isolated points in Bahia affected by excessive rain. Harvesting has already started in the state in pivot areas. The South Region continued to be disadvantaged by weather conditions during the month of January. The low volume of rain and high temperatures harmed the development and yield of crops in Paraná, especially in the west of the state, where the harvest had to be brought forward due to the advance of the cycle caused by water stress. In Rio Grande do Sul, the drought also persists with serious damage to the state's soybean crops.

Around 90% of the corn from the first harvest was sown by the end of January. The weather conditions contributed to the advancement of corn sowing in Matopiba and benefited the majority of crops under development. In Piauí and Bahia, more than 95% of crops have been sown and, in Maranhão, around 80% of sowing has already been completed. Losses due to waterlogging were only recorded in specific areas of Bahia. The lack of rain and high temperatures harmed the productive potential of corn crops in the Southern Region. In addition to water stress, meteorological conditions have hampered the application of fertilizers and phytosanitary management of crops. Around a quarter of the sown area in Rio Grande do Sul had its crop cycle advanced by water stress, causing the harvest to also be brought forward. More than 25% of the state's corn crops have already been harvested. In Paraná, the shortening of the corn cycle caused by water scarcity also brought forward the harvest, especially in the southwest of the state. In Goiás and Minas Gerais, weather conditions were favorable and crops are in good condition.

The hot and dry weather in January compromised the development of rice crops in Rio Grande do Sul, especially those that have reached the reproductive phase. Southern producers remain concerned about the low volume of rainfall, insufficient to replenish reservoirs that are already at critical levels, thus limiting irrigation operations, especially in the central, northwest and southwest regions of the State. In Mato Grosso, rice sowing was completed and the crops are in good development conditions. In Tocantins, sowing was also completed, and weather conditions made it possible to begin harvesting in the second half of January. In Goiás, sowing was stagnant, but the harvest has already started. Excessive rainfall favored the occurrence of blast and sheath burning, in addition, crops affected by high volumes of rain during grain maturation had their productive potential affected.

More than 70% of the areas destined for bean cultivation in Paraná were harvested by the end of January. Rainfed crops in Paraná suffered the consequences of the water deficit and lower-than-expected yields have already been confirmed. Unlike the South Region, excessive rainfall has been a problem for many areas of Bahia, delaying the completion of sowing and harming the development of some crops. Occasional whitefly attacks have also been reported. In Goiás, despite the rains, the harvest is progressing, especially in the eastern region of the state. In Minas Gerais, harvesting operations are concentrated in the northwest and Alto Parnaíba regions.

More than 60% of Brazilian cotton has already been sown by the end of January. In Mato Grosso, the sowing of the first harvest was completed, and the second harvest has already reached more than 50% of the planned area. The implementation of the first cotton crop in Goiás was also completed and the sowing of the second crop began in the second half of January. In Mato Grosso do Sul, cotton sowing is coming to an end and crops in the south of the state are suffering from water scarcity. Cotton sowing also advanced in Matopiba, with around 85% of cotton-producing areas sown in Maranhão and around 100% in Piauí. In Bahia, sowing operations in cotton growing areas must remain suspended until the early soybean harvest begins in February.

More information can be found at: https://tempocampo.org/