TempoCampo System publishes August bulletin

The TempoCampo System bulletin informs that in most of the Central-West and Southeast regions, rainfall was less than 30 mm. Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo were exceptions, with rainfall volumes of 30 mm to 90 mm in most of their territory. There were accumulations of up to 120 mm in eastern Mato Grosso do Sul. 

Low volumes of rain were also recorded in Tocantins, Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pará, and in the west and south of Bahia. 

In other states in the North and Northeast regions, up to 180 mm were accumulated. Volumes greater than 120 mm were recorded in Alagoas and the Barreiras region in Bahia. 

In the North Region, rainfall exceeded 150 mm in Amazonas and Roraima. In Rio Grande do Sul, rainfall varied from 90 mm to 120 mm. In Paraná and Santa Catarina, rainfall was between 120 mm and 180 mm. Volumes of up to 210 mm were recorded in southern Paraná.

The lowest values ​​of water storage in the soil were recorded in the Central-West, Southeast and Matopiba regions. The most affected states were Mato Grosso, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí and Bahia, with soil water storage of less than 15% in most parts of their territories. Low storage values, less than 30%, were also recorded in Pará, Rondônia, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte and Paraíba. In the rest of the North Region, storage ranged from 30% to 60%, in the South Region, from 45% to 60%.

Temperatures

In the North, Central-West and Northeast regions, maximum temperatures between 29°C and 33°C predominated. In an extensive range that covers a large part of the states of Mato Grosso, Pará, Tocantins, Maranhão and Piauí, maximum temperatures exceeded 33°C. In São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo and Bahia, the maximum temperatures were between 25°C and 27°C. In the South Region, maximum temperatures below 25°C predominated.

The lowest temperatures in the country, below 10°C, occurred in the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. In Paraná, the minimum temperatures ranged from 10°C to 13°C. In the states of the Southeast Region, minimum temperatures between 13°C and 16°C prevailed. In the Central-West and Bahia, minimum temperatures of 16°C to 19°C predominated. In the other states of the Northeast Region, the minimum temperatures remained between 19°C and 22°C. In much of the North Region, minimum temperatures exceeded 22°C.

Weather and Brazilian agriculture

More than 85% of Brazilian areas destined for the cultivation of the second corn crop have already been harvested. The harvest has already been completed in Mato Grosso and the results were positive. According to the Mato-Grossense Institute of Agricultural Economics (IMEA), the production obtained was 39,16 million tons and productivity was 102,10 bags per hectare, values ​​20 and 10% higher than those of the last harvest. 

Around 85% of the areas in Mato Grosso do Sul have already been harvested so far, field operations in the State have slowed down due to the rains. 

In Goiás, the harvest has practically been completed. The harvest of the remaining crops in the eastern region of the state should be completed in the next few days. Productivity losses were recorded caused by water stress that affected Goiás crops throughout the harvest. 

The lodging of crops caused by the leafhopper attack restricted the progress of the harvest in São Paulo and also led to productivity losses. In Minas Gerais, lower than expected productivity reflects the lack of rain during the cycle and the damage caused by leafhoppers. Around 85% and 87% of the planned area have already been harvested in the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais, respectively. 

In Paraná, the harvest has already been completed in 90% of the areas, with delays resulting from frequent rains. Productivity losses caused by leafhoppers, water deficit and frost were recorded in corn crops in Paraná. According to the Department of Rural Economy of Paraná (Deral), around 6% of the state's crops are in poor condition, 28% in intermediate condition and 66% in good condition. The corn harvest has practically been completed in Matopiba, and good yields have been obtained.

It is important to highlight that sowing of the 2022/23 corn harvest has already started in Paraná. Operations advanced more quickly in the regions of Francisco Beltrão, Laranjeiras do Sul, Ponta Grossa and Pato Branco. 90% of first harvest crops are in the germination phase and 10% are in vegetative development. The crops are developed under favorable conditions and are in good condition.

Around 90% of Brazilian areas destined for cotton cultivation have already been harvested. In Mato Grosso, harvesting operations maintained a good pace and advanced significantly during the month of August, more than 97% of the areas have already been harvested. Occasional rains led to productivity losses and a drop in plume quality in some crops. According to IMEA, the average productivity obtained so far is 265,29 @ per hectare, a value 4,5% lower than that consolidated in the last harvest. Even with the drop in productivity, production will be greater than in the previous year due to the increase in the planted area in the State. Mato Grosso is expected to produce around 4,69 million tons of seed cotton and 1,93 million tons of lint in the 2021/22 harvest. 

The harvest is approaching its end in Mato Grosso do Sul and Goiás, 99 and 97% of the sown areas have already been harvested in these states. In Goiás, there are only irrigated crops left to be harvested. In Bahia, 88% of the harvest was completed. In the central-south and extreme-western regions of the State, rainfed crops have already been completely harvested and irrigated crops are maturing and harvesting. In the other states of Matopiba, crops grow under good climatic conditions and are also in the maturation and harvesting stages. 93 and 67% of the cultivated area have already been harvested in Piauí and Maranhão, respectively. In Minas Gerais, dry weather favored the cotton harvest and 84% of its areas have already been harvested. In São Paulo, the harvest has already been completed in the southwest and west regions. In the northwest region of the State, rainfed crops have already been harvested, leaving only irrigated crops.

In Minas Gerais, the harvest of the 3rd bean crop is underway and 75% of Minas Gerais' crops have been harvested so far. The harvest was completed in the Unaí region, and the crops that have not yet been harvested are in the grain filling and maturation phase. Productivity losses are expected due to the low temperatures recorded during winter. In Bahia, later rainfed crops and grain filling had their productivity penalized by irregular rainfall. Harvesting operations remain more advanced in the northeast region of the State, having already been completed in around 20% of the entire cultivated area. 

In Goiás, the harvest is in its final stages, 93% of the sown area has already been harvested. Most of the crops that have not yet been harvested are located in the eastern and southwestern regions of the State. In general, good yields and grain quality have been obtained, with the exception of some areas sown outside the ideal window and which were affected by soil diseases, especially fusariosis.

Around 6% of Brazilian wheat crops have already been harvested. In Goiás, the harvest of rainfed crops has been completed and the harvest of irrigated crops has begun. In Mato Grosso do Sul, the rains recorded in wheat producing regions favored crops in the grain filling phase. In Minas Gerais, weather conditions favored the harvest, which has already been practically completed in rainfed areas and is progressing in irrigated areas. In Bahia, irrigated crops remain in good condition and are in the grain filling, maturation and harvesting phase. 

In Paraná, the harvest has already started in the north and west regions. The lack of rain and low soil humidity harmed developing crops, in addition, frosts affected crops in the southwest and west regions. According to Deral, around 3% of the state's crops are in poor condition, 19% in intermediate condition and 78% in good condition. 27% of wheat crops in Paraná are already in the maturing phase. In Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, crops were favored by the weather conditions. Frosts only hit some specific areas of Santa Catarina at the end of the month. Most of the crops in the South Region are in vegetative growth and at the beginning of the reproductive phase.

According to the Sugarcane Industry Union (Unica), there was a 13,73% drop in sugarcane crushing in the first half of August in the Center-South Region in relation to the quantity recorded in the same last harvest period. This decrease in crushing is linked to adverse weather conditions that hampered harvesting operations, mainly in Paraná, Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo. The lower availability of sugar cane in the fortnight restricted the production of sugar and ethanol. The supply of ethanol was complemented by the contribution of corn ethanol producers, mitigating the decline in biofuel production. The amount of ATR per ton of processed sugar cane increased by 1,8% compared to the same period in the last agricultural cycle.