Study proposes alternatives to recover degraded pastures

With the advancement of discussions on sustainable production and the need to reduce the environmental impact of agriculture, the Institute of Animal Science (IZ), linked to the Secretariat of Agriculture and Supply of the State of São Paulo, has been developing studies aimed at the recovery of degraded pasture areas. The proposal uses systems of intercropping between grain crops — such as soybeans and second-season corn — and grass species, in a direct planting model.

The technique, already considered by experts as one of the main bets of conservation agriculture, seeks not only to recover the productive capacity of the soil, but also to provide better quality forage for animal feed, especially during periods of drought.

Researcher Karina Batista, responsible for the study at IZ, explains that the consortiums between soybeans and Aruana and Ruziziensis grasses demonstrated positive results both in improving soil fertility and in the nutritional value of the silage produced. “Aruana grass favors the absorption of calcium and magnesium by soybeans, while Ruziziensis contributes to the recycling of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium,” she states.

According to her, the combination of crops offers a viable alternative for preserving quality forage in ruminant production systems, especially in regions where the soil is already showing signs of wear. “The silage produced from these consortia has superior nutritional and fermentation characteristics to those composed only of soybeans,” she highlights.

In addition to the gains in animal feed, the research also assesses the effects of applying nitrogen fertilizers in consortia of second-crop corn with grass. Batista warns that, although nitrogen can increase soil fertility by stimulating microbial activity, its excessive use can be counterproductive. “High doses can compromise the accumulation of carbon and nitrogen in the soil, canceling out the benefits of the system,” he explains.

The intercropping technique has been seen as an alternative to incorporate degraded pasture areas into the production system, without the need for deforestation, in line with international commitments to reduce emissions and environmental conservation. For the Institute of Animal Science, the results of the research indicate a viable path for producers seeking to align productive efficiency and sustainability in their management systems.