Soybean harvest reaches 3% of RS crops

The rains that occurred between February 21st and 25th partially replaced moisture in the soil and benefited soybean crops that are in flowering (18%) and grain formation (56%), phases of high water demand for the crop. . In locations where there was less rainfall, crops still experience leaf fall, yellowing of plants and a low number of pods and grains. According to the Economic Information prepared by Emater/RS-Ascar, linked to the State Secretariat for Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Development (Seapdr), maturing crops represent 20% of the cultivated area, and even with the rains they showed no signs of recovery and have a consolidated loss in productivity. Crops at the end of maturity have pods and grains in different sizes, making harvesting difficult, which reaches 3%, presenting very low and variable productivity, depending on weather conditions and soils.

The phytosanitary conditions of soybean crops remain satisfactory, with the exception of some areas that still have an incidence of mites and thrips, as well as infestation with horseweed and pigweed, a situation that is worrying both due to the reduction in productive potential due to competition, and the high risk of increase of invaders in the next harvest.

In the administrative region of Emater/RS-Ascar de Bagé, the oilseed suffered intense stress after another sequence of days with maximum temperatures above 40°C. The expectation of losses remains high in municipalities where the crop is at a more advanced stage of the cycle, such as Rosário do Sul, with losses estimated at 65%; São Borja, 74%; Happy, 77%; Itacurubi, 78%, and Manoel Viana, with 79%. In the Campaign, there is a large difference in productive potential between crops in the same municipality, due to the irregular distribution of rainfall throughout the development cycle. Areas with productive potential exceeding three thousand kilos per hectare and areas with significant plant mortality are observed, due to lack of humidity, especially throughout February.

In the Santa Maria region, 72% of soybean crops are flowering and grain filling, 20% are maturing and 4% of crops are harvested. Productivity losses are expected to exceed 60%, with an estimated harvest of 1.200 kilos per hectare. In Santa Rosa, 1% was harvested. Maturation was accelerated due to high temperatures and dry weather and reached 13%. These crops have a small size and low emission of lateral branches. The rains that occurred are still insufficient, but provide better development in afternoon crops on the Northwest Frontier. However, the losses are already consolidated and the current productivity expectation is 650 kilos per hectare.

RS Rust Monitor Program

The occurrence of Asian soybean rust spores has increased in recent weeks. This week of monitoring (results compiled from 22/02 to 01/03/22) a large number of spores were identified in the collectors of Santa Rosa, São Luiz Gonzaga, Cerro Largo, Jóia and Santa Bárbara do Sul and the presence of spores, even in small quantities, in almost the entire state of Rio Grande do Sul. Therefore, it is recommended that technicians and producers observe climatic conditions for rust management.

Corn

The rainfall that occurred more generally in the State had positive impacts on 4% of corn crops that are in vegetative development, 4% in flowering and 15% grain filling. The maturing ones were little affected by moisture replacement, due to their advanced physiological state. Harvesting was carried out in 60% of the crops and the results obtained consolidate the loss of productivity. The expectation is for a 53% reduction in initially estimated productivity.

In the Frederico Westphalen region, 4% of corn crops are in germination and vegetative development, 1% in flowering, 1% in grain filling, 8% in maturation and 86% have been harvested. The harvested crops confirm losses that exceed 60% in productivity. At Soledade, 55% of the production was harvested. Crops with late implementation in succession to tobacco, beans and corn silage harvests show good development due to the recurrence of rain in recent weeks. Post-emergence control of invasive plants was completed in these crops and top dressing fertilization was carried out.

Corn silage

The rainfall benefited crops between the vegetative development and grain filling phases, which represent 21% of the crop. The harvest exceeded 70% of the established area and the reduction in productivity approaches 55%, with the production of just over 16 thousand kg/ha of green mass to be ensiled

In the Emater/RS-Ascar de Bagé region, in the Campanha region, producers continued to use part of the crops intended for silage production for direct supply to animals, especially dairy cattle. Ensiling of crops is only completed in Caçapava do Sul. The main municipalities where corn is grown for silage are Aceguá and Hulha Negra and cutting is still restricted to the first crops implemented in October. Some producers intend to use part of the production for commercialization, with the expectation of great demand, due to the drought and the increase in prices, proportionally following those of inputs. In the Western Frontier, the harvest reached 55% of the cultivated area, 10% is maturing and 27% is grain filling.

Rice

The occurrence of rain, even in high volumes, in the regions with the greatest production of the cereal, will contribute to improving the availability of water, for crops that require a greater volume of irrigation, between the phases of vegetative development and grain filling, which represent 44 % of total. In addition, with 41% of crops in the maturation phase, producers relocated water resources to more backward plots. The harvest reached 14% and productivity is variable, with crops meeting expectations and others with losses of up to 18%.

Beans 1st harvest - The harvest reached 61% of the crops. Most producing regions have already completed the first harvest and sown the subsequent one. The exception is the region of Caxias do Sul, which has the highest production and where only 3% was harvested. Average productivity in RS shows losses of 28%, with losses of around 50% in the regions of Soledade, Erechim and Frederico Westphalen and 65% in Ijuí.

Beans 2st harvest

Second crop plantings have been occurring normally, with the expectation of good crop establishment, conditioned by improved environmental conditions, especially the recurrence of rain and a decrease in maximum temperatures in the main producing regions.

In the Emater/RS-Ascar region of Frederico Westphalen, due to the prolonged drought and the difficulty in planting soybeans after the corn harvest, some farmers opted to plant second-crop beans. There is an expectation that it can reach 10 thousand hectares, in medium producers, mechanizable areas and with adequate use of inputs. The yield projection is around 1.500 kilos per hectare.