Pine nut harvest grows and encourages extractive farmers

With the pine nut harvest underway since April 1, Rio Grande do Sul is reaching the peak of the harvest. Emater/RS estimates production of around 860 tons by July. The increased supply has driven down prices, which are currently between R$12 and R$14 per kilo. In April, the kilo cost R$17.

The Hortênsias and Campos de Cima da Serra regions lead the production with over 600 tons expected. In the Planalto, Passo Fundo area, the estimate is 110 tons. The Centro Serra and Serra do Botucaraí regions are expected to harvest 150 tons.

The current harvest brings relief to extractive farmers. In 2023, production was considered very weak. According to extensionist Antônio Carlos Borba, although still short of a full harvest, the volume harvested guarantees income and subsistence for many families.

Pine nuts are part of the culture of southern Brazil. Production, which is mostly artisanal, faces limitations due to a lack of processing and industrialization. Harvesting is done manually, on the ground or by cutting down the pine cones with tools.

Collection is only permitted from April 1st, according to State Law No. 15.015/2022. The rule protects the Araucaria Angustifolia, a species threatened with extinction. Cutting or pruning of producing trees is prohibited between April and June. Failure to comply will result in a fine.

The araucaria takes 12 to 15 years to produce pine nuts. Forest fragmentation caused by human actions reduces natural regeneration and compromises the genetic base of the species. Borba warns: if nothing is done, the tree could disappear in 50 to 70 years.

Emater advises producers to preserve the species. Regeneration occurs on the edges of forests. Many farmers cut seedlings due to lack of knowledge. The institution recommends keeping the plants young and avoiding any cutting.