World coffee production for the 2019/2020 coffee year was estimated at approximately 168 million 60kg bags, of which 95,3 million were Arabica coffee, which corresponds to 56,7% of the total global harvest, and 72,7 million bags of the conilon species, a volume equivalent to 43,3% of the total. In Brazil, production is estimated at approximately 60 million 60kg bags, of which 45 million are Arabica coffee and 15 million conilon.
When we analyze only the performance of conilon coffee, whose largest producer is Vietnam with a harvest estimated at around 30 million bags, which corresponds to 41% of the total, we realize that Brazil, by producing 15 million bags, it is responsible for 20% of the world harvest.
The three main producing states in Brazil, in ascending order, are: Bahia with an average harvest estimated at 2,2 million bags, Rondônia with 2,3 million and Espírito Santo, the largest Brazilian producer of the species, with an estimated harvest in approximately 10 million bags, a volume that represents 66,6% of Brazilian production and 13,7% of the entire world harvest of the species.
For more than 40 years investing in research and technology development in the State of Espírito Santo, the Capixaba Institute of Research, Technical Assistance and Rural Extension – Incaper is one of the main responsible for the success of coffee growing in Espírito Santo. Among the research carried out by Incaper is the development of coffee cultivars that are adapted to the State's climatic characteristics, in addition to having other positive attributes such as high productivity, tolerance and resistance to pests and diseases. Another technology developed by Incaper and with great prominence in the State is Programmed Cycle Pruning – PPC, for conilon coffee.
Programmed Cycle Pruning for conilon coffee (PPC) is one of the main technologies responsible for increasing conilon production and productivity in the State of Espírito Santo. This plant management, when associated with new cultivars, caused the great revolution in coffee farming in Espírito Santo, when productivity jumped from 17 to 20 bags to 60 processed bags per hectare. This management directly contributed to the evolution of coffee farming in Espírito Santo and, more than that, it surpassed the state's barriers, being used in Rondônia, in the south of Bahia and in other conilon producing states in the country.
Among the cultivars developed by Incaper, six stand out for their high productivity, quality and superior agronomic characteristics, they are:
Cultivar developed by Incaper in 2007, formed by the grouping of 13 "elite" clones from the breeding program. Materials were chosen that simultaneously contained characteristics of interest, which considered as a whole, distinguished between the most suitable, considering both the productive potential and also aspects of sustainability in the activity. Medium-sized and maturing from May to July, it has an average productivity of 70,40 processed bags per hectare, an increase of more than 21% compared to the previous variety. The “Vitória Incaper 8142” variety represented a major advance in coffee growing in the State, through the technologies now involved in productivity as well as the application of other technologies that were in full expansion in coffee growing.
The variety is medium sized and early maturing – with harvest expected in May. Its average productivity is 80,73 processed bags per hectare, with a genetic yield potential of more than 120 processed bags per hectare in irrigated and high-technology plantations. Other characteristics of “Diamante ES8112” are production stability and uniformity of maturation, in addition to having moderate resistance to rust and tolerance to water deficit. However, the main attribute of this cultivar is the quality of the drink, classified as superior quality coffee, with an average of 77,50 points from three locations according to the fine Robusta tasting protocol, prepared by the CQI – Coffee Quality Institute. With a flavor and aroma reminiscent of chocolate - cocoa, sweet aftertaste, touch of red fruits and fruitiness.
With medium size and intermediate maturity – harvest in June – it is tolerant to water deficit and has moderate resistance to rust. Its average productivity is 88,75 processed bags per hectare, with a genetic yield potential of more than 120 processed bags per hectare in irrigated and high-technology plantations. Its main highlight is also the quality of the drink, classified as superior quality coffee, with an average of 79,01 points from three locations, in accordance with the fine Robusta tasting protocol, prepared by the CQI – Coffee Quality Institute, in samples prepared by the natural drying process. It has an aroma and flavor characteristic that reminds us of dark chocolate, caramel with chocolate and sweetness.
Medium-sized, late-maturing cultivar – harvested in July – presents tolerance to water deficit and moderate resistance to rust. Its average productivity is 82,36 processed bags per hectare, with a genetic yield potential of more than 120 processed bags per hectare in irrigated and high-technology plantations. The “Centenária Incaper 8132” cultivar also has as its main positive attribute the quality of the drink, classified as superior quality coffee, with an average of three locations of 77,97 points, in accordance with the tasting protocol for fine Robusta, elaborated by CQI – Coffee Quality Institute, in samples prepared by the natural drying process. It has flavor and aroma characteristics that refer to chocolate, caramel and fruity.
Cultivar developed by Incaper, with an emphasis on drought resistance, as a worsening of drought, increased temperature and water scarcity in springs in the State of Espírito Santo has been noticed in recent years. Of medium size and intermediate maturity, it has an average productivity of 80,98 processed bags per hectare, with a productive potential of 135 processed bags per hectare in plantations with correct use of irrigation and conducted using high technology. Other positive attributes of “Marilândia ES 8143” are rusticity, adequate plant architecture, uniformity of fruit maturation, superior drinking quality and moderate resistance to rust, in addition to the aforementioned drought tolerance.
A medium-sized cultivar with intermediate to late maturation, it stands out for its high production – average productivity of 74,1 bags per hectare – associated with a low rate of cuttlefish and mocha grains, high vegetative vigor, moderate resistance to rust, tolerance to drought and superior drink quality, reached 81,1 points according to the CQI/SCAA fine Robusta tasting protocol – Coffee Quality Institute / Specialty Coffee Association of America.
The six cultivars listed above were obtained by the Incaper Genetic Improvement Program, initiated 32 years ago, with the collaboration of Embrapa Café and partner institutions of the Café Research Consortium.
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