Implementation of summer crops advances in Rio Grande do Sul
In the corn crop, which is in the implementation phase, the sowing rate in the period was slower, rising only 2%, reaching 66% of the projected area
With the aim of evaluating new scenarios for winter cereals, combined with strategies capable of enhancing results in soybeans, Aprosoja has been working with Embrapa Trigo in the establishment of Technological Units in Profitable Production Systems in Rio Grande do Sul. On 12/10, a field day presented alternatives for the production of food, fiber and energy in Santiago, RS.
According to Embrapa Trigo's agronomist, Marcelo Klein, the field day featured 14 cultivars of winter cereals, such as oats, barley, rye, wheat and triticale. “We evaluate together with producers the diversity of alternatives that can generate income in the Gaucho winter, from grain production, fodder production or even biomass production”, says Klein.
For producer Júlio Freitas Lima, host of the field day in Santiago, the highlight of the event was the technical approaches of the presentations, which allowed interaction with participants, helping to make decisions regarding the best alternative to compose the system and the most efficient management. suited to each reality. “We need to make better use of the winter without compromising soybean sowing, adjusting for a final result that quantifies the income obtained with different crops throughout the year”, assesses the producer.
The working group, made up of professionals from Aprosoja, Embrapa Trigo and the Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões (URI), is already planning the summer and autumn units, aiming to generate income on the properties throughout the year. From now on, URI researchers must carry out bromatological analyzes to verify the chemical composition of foods, as well as their nutritional value and physical properties of winter cereals in the pasture, pre-dried, silage and grain phases. “We are going to systematize a history with information on monitoring, management and evaluations in the technological units, bringing the producer closer to the results already known through research, in a faster transfer of technologies and suited to the regional demands of Aprosoja's members”, concludes Marcelo Klein.
In the work plan designed by Aprosoja-RS with Embrapa Trigo, at the end of 2021, topics were raised for research and transfer in genetics, soil management, fertilization, phytotechnical adjustment, bio-inputs and crop diversification. According to the agronomist at Embrapa Trigo, Giovani Faé, success in agricultural production lies in the soil: “Soil management is the basis of work in the field. We will open trenches to evaluate the soil profile throughout the different harvests, summer-autumn-winter, to evaluate the improvement with the intensification of production systems”.
According to work by Embrapa Soja, good soil coverage and the supply of roots generated by winter cereals can result in an increase of up to 50% in soybean productivity in the summer. Furthermore, the cover and roots can reduce impacts with water deficit, as they help to retain water stored in the soil, in addition to protecting it from direct exposure to sunlight.
Currently, Rio Grande do Sul is the second largest soybean producer in Brazil, behind Mato Grosso. In the last decade, the cultivation area in RS grew 34%, while productivity grew 17%. “The average productivity stagnated at 50 bags per hectare, with frequent drops due to droughts. Even with technological advances, it is difficult to grow in productivity, so intensifying the production system, with two to three crops per year, is the best alternative to increase income on properties in Rio Grande do Sul”, says Giovani Faé.
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In the corn crop, which is in the implementation phase, the sowing rate in the period was slower, rising only 2%, reaching 66% of the projected area
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