The states of Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe and large areas of Piauí were those that received the lowest volumes of rain during the month of November, with volumes of less than 30 mm. Rains of 30 to 60 mm predominated in Maranhão, Bahia, the extreme north and south of Piauí and the northeast of Pará. In Espírito Santo, in the Southeast Region, and in Roraima and Amapá, in the North Region, rains of 60 mm were recorded. at 90mm.
In Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Goiás, Mato Grosso and in large areas of Tocantins and Pará, rainfall of 60 to 120 mm was recorded. In Mato Grosso do Sul, Rondônia and large areas of Amazonas, rainfall of 90 to 120 mm predominated. In the states of Acre and São Paulo, rainfall of 120 to 150 mm prevailed. The highest volumes of rain were, once again, recorded in the South Region of the country, with accumulated volumes exceeding 240 mm.
With the exception of specific areas in Bahia, soil water storage values of less than 15% were recorded in practically the entire extension of the Northeast region and in large areas of Pará, Amapá, Mato Grosso and Goiás. In Rondônia, Roraima and Tocantins and In large areas of Amazonas, storage values of 15 to 30% predominated. Still in the North Region, in Acre, the predominant class was 30 to 45% storage.
Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro recorded storage values of 15 to 45%. In São Paulo, storage values of 30 to 45% prevailed, with the exception of the southwest region of the State, where storage was between 45 and 60%, which also occurred in the central-north region of Paraná. In the rest of the state of Paraná, in Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, conditions were more favorable, with storage between 60 and 75%.
The highest temperatures in the country, above 37°C, were recorded in the central region of Piauí; in the rest of the state, the maximum temperatures were between 35 and 37°C. Maximum temperatures between 33 and 37°C were recorded in Maranhão, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte and Paraíba. In the states of the Central-West and North Region, maximum temperatures were between 33 and 35°C, with the exception of large areas of Pará and Acre, where maximum temperatures were recorded between 31 and 33°C.
Maximum temperatures between 31 and 33°C also prevailed in Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe and Bahia, in the Northeast Region, and in Rio de Janeiro in the Southeast Region. In Minas Gerais and São Paulo, the maximum temperatures were around 29 to 33°C and, in Espírito Santos, between 29 and 31°C. In the South Region, the maximums recorded in Paraná were the highest, between 27 and 31°C, while Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul recorded maximums of 25 to 27°C.
The lowest temperatures in the country were recorded in the South Region, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, where minimum temperatures between 15 and 17°C prevailed. In Paraná and Minas Gerais, the minimum temperatures were between 17 and 21°C. In São Paulo, Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro, minimum temperatures between 19 and 21°C were recorded. Bahia, Sergipe, Alagoas, Pernambuco, Paraíba, Goiás and large areas of Mato Grosso recorded minimum temperatures between 21 and 23°C. In the North Region and other states in the Northeast Region, as well as in large areas of Mato Grosso do Sul, the minimum temperatures were high, between 23 and 25°C.
According to the latest survey by the National Supply Company (Conab), 75,2% of the projected soybean area was sown in Brazil, still describing a slower pace than that observed in the same period in the last harvest, when they had already been sown. 86,1% of the area. According to the Mato Grosso Institute of Agricultural Economics (Imea), the climate scenario is unfavorable in Mato Grosso, this harvest, so far, due to the effects of El Niño.
This fact has increased producers' uncertainties, but the reported area and yield estimates were maintained in the State, respectively 12,22 million hectares and 59,7 sc/ha. Imea reported that soybean sowing is coming to an end, with 98,39% of the planned area sown and that around 4,19% of the area should be sown again in Mato Grosso, which is due to the high temperatures linked throughout dry period. These adverse conditions have been impacting crop development and shortening the soybean cycle, which compromises the crop's productive potential.
However, the additional costs and the cultivation of cotton in the second harvest should influence the decision to reseed, so that many of these areas can be used for cotton cultivation, given the need to produce and the risk of shortening the cultivation window. . In Mato Grosso do Sul, soybean sowing reached 92% of the projected area, but is delayed in relation to the previous cycle, mainly due to the delay in the northern region due to low volumes of rain.
Aprosoja/MS recorded reseeding in 1,33% of the estimated area, with emphasis on the central region of the State. The water deficit and high temperatures caused a shortening of the cycle in many crops, where low-sized plants were reported to be starting to flower. In Goiás, soybean sowing reached 71% of the planned area, at a slow pace due to the irregularity and low volumes of rain and high temperatures in the State, which hampered the formation of the plant stand in crops sown early and caused the need of reseeding. Furthermore, high temperatures in the soil have been damaging soybean nodulation, due to the death of rhizobia, crucial to biological nitrogen fixation.
In Paraná, according to the latest survey by the Department of Rural Economy (DERAL), soybean sowing reached 96% of the projected area. The crops are predominantly in vegetative development and most are under favorable conditions. The high volumes of rain in November caused erosion and leaching mainly in the southern region of the State, in addition, the excess moisture in the soil made cultural treatments, such as pesticide spraying, difficult.
The adverse climatic conditions recorded in Paraná, notably the high volumes of rain, high temperatures and low light, have caused an acceleration in the development of soybeans, so that plants have been reported in the flowering and pod formation phases early, even with size below what is necessary to support the demands of these stadiums. High humidity favors the incidence of fungal diseases, such as Asian soybean rust, the most severe disease of the crop and for which sanitary conditions must be respected. According to the Antirust Consortium, 13 commercial occurrences of rust were recorded in Paraná during the month of November, compared to the two occurrences in the same period in the 2022/2023 harvest.
In Rio Grande do Sul, according to Emater/RS, sowing is lagging behind the average, with 50% of the planned area in the State sown, to the detriment of the average of 75%, which is due to excessive rain and high humidity from soil. Greater progress in sowing activities was reported in the last week of November, due to the reduction in rainfall and the increase in light. There are records of seedlings falling over and dying due to rot, indicating the need for reseeding.
In Matopiba, soybean sowing is delayed in all states, due to adverse weather conditions resulting from El Niño, with less than necessary rainfall and irregular distribution, in addition to high temperatures. Failures in initial stands and the need for reseeding were reported. In São Paulo, sowing is coming to an end, with 92% of the area already sown, driven by drier weather in São Paulo from the second ten days of November onwards.
In Minas Gerais, sowing operations are significantly behind in relation to the previous cycle, reaching only 65% of the planned area according to the latest Conab survey. This is due to the lack of rain, high temperatures and low soil humidity, which caused a reduction in the plant population in many crops in Minas Gerais.
The sowing of first-crop corn reached 55% of the projected national area, describing a slower pace than the same period in the last harvest, when operations had already reached 68,6% of the area, according to Conab. Sowing is more advanced in the states of the South Region and evolves slowly in the Northeast Region, where low volumes of rain were recorded during the month of November.
In its latest update, Deral/PR reported that 99% of crops in Paraná have already been sown and the vegetative development and flowering stages predominate. It was also reported that 86% of crops develop under favorable conditions, 12% under intermediate conditions and 2% under poor conditions. Sowing has already been completed in the northern and southern regions of Paraná, where crop development has benefited from the rain.
In the west and central-west regions, sowing operations and cultural treatments, such as the application of fertilizers, herbicides and insecticides, advanced due to the reduction in rainfall at the end of November. However, occurrences of important pests have been reported in these regions, such as corn leafhoppers, caterpillars and stink bugs.
In the southwest region, in turn, field operations were limited at the end of November due to excessive rains, which have been worrying producers in the region due to the risk of compromising pollination, since most crops are in the growth phase. flowering and, if pollen grains are wet during pollination, transport by wind is impaired.
According to Emater/RS, 85% of the area planned in Rio Grande do Sul for corn cultivation has already been sown. There was little progress in sowing operations in Rio Grande do Sul's crops during the month of November due to abundant and frequent rains, as well as the prioritization of soybean sowing. Excess humidity and cloudy days can harm the crop's pollination process and compromise grain formation.
Occurrences of corn leafhoppers and a subsequent increase in the incidence of stunting have been reported, which has worried producers, given the great productivity-reducing potential of this disease. In Santa Catarina, sowing is coming to an end, with 96% of the projected area sown, according to Conab.
In mid-November, sowing operations were suspended in many crops due to excessive rainfall, which, linked to high cloudiness, leaching of nutrients and an increase in the incidence of diseases, has worried producers about compromising production potential.
In the Southeast Region, sowing reached 59,7% in Minas Gerais, describing a much slower pace than that observed in the last harvest, when sowing had already reached 83% of the predicted area. The delay in sowing is due to the scarce and irregular rains that occurred in the State in November, which, together with high temperatures and low soil humidity, has been impacting the productive potential of Minas Gerais' crops.
In São Paulo, sowing is also delayed, only 60% of the planned area was sown, when, in the last cycle, operations had already been completed. This is due to adverse weather conditions, such as excessive rainfall, and the prioritization of soybean sowing. In Bahia, low soil humidity and irregular rainfall impacted the evolution of sowing, which reached 35% of the planned area, according to Conab.
The wheat harvest reached 96,5% of the projected area and was completed in most of the wheat-producing states, with the exception of the South Region, where the harvest progress was hampered by the significant volumes of rain recorded since the end of September, an effect of the El Niño phenomenon. In Paraná, the harvest was completed in the second ten days of November, recording lower-than-expected productivity, in addition to severely compromising the quality of the harvested product due to excessive rainfall, which has been worrying producers in Paraná due to the difficulty in getting the product on the market.
A large volume of production was classified as wheat and, in many crops where the harvest was delayed, there is an occurrence of germinated wheat, which has no commercial value. Frequent rains combined with cloudy days prevented the product from being harvested with the ideal moisture content, which resulted in grains that were more suitable for the milling industry or animal feed. Furthermore, high humidity and relatively high temperatures favored the occurrence of fungal diseases, such as Fusarium head blight and blast, responsible for losses in productivity and grain quality.
In its latest update, Emater/RS reported a 28,38% reduction in the initial productivity projection, which is due to the adverse weather conditions that have been impacting the harvest in Rio Grande do Sul, notably the excess rainfall. Also according to Emater/RS, the wheat harvest reached 93% of the projected area and the product obtained, as in Paraná, has shown low quality, with a hectoliter weight (PH) below industrial standards.
Producers in Rio Grande do Sul have also been facing difficulties in selling grains, which do not meet the standards established by the industry and present another aggravating factor: the high risk of developing mycotoxins, which makes it unfeasible to use them as animal feed. In Santa Catarina, Conab reported that the harvest reached 77% of the planned area, compromised by the high volumes of rain recorded in the State. Once again, climatic conditions are damaging the productivity and quality of wheat, with reports of bulging, grains germinating in the ears and incidence of diseases in crops.
According to the latest survey released by Conab, the sowing of the rice crop in the 2023/2024 harvest has advanced to 75,1% of the projected national area. Operations progressed slowly in Rio Grande do Sul during the month of November, reaching 84% of the area and with a delay in relation to the previous cycle, when sowing had already reached the 98% mark in the State. The sowing process is more advanced in the South Region, but has been hampered in the rest of the State by the occurrence of frequent and abundant rains, with volumes exceeding 200 mm during November, which caused flooding in some crops and the need for reseeding, mainly in crops. close to rivers.
Furthermore, the large volumes of rain have been worrying producers in Rio Grande do Sul due to the loss of the ideal moment for closing the irrigation ramparts and for the application of nitrogen fertilizers and herbicides, since there is difficulty in accessing the machinery due to the high humidity of the soil. . In Santa Catarina, sowing reached 98% of the planned area, with small increments throughout the month of November. Santa Catarina's crops were harmed by the high volumes of rain recorded, as well as cloudiness, which hindered the development of plants and the execution of phytosanitary treatments.
On the other hand, in Tocantins, where operations reached 50% of the area destined for rice cultivation, the evolution of sowing has been impacted by low volumes of rain and low soil humidity. In Maranhão, crops are at varying stages due to the long sowing period and the type of cultivation: in irrigated crops, harvesting operations are progressing, while in rainfed crops, sowing is still in its infancy.
In Goiás, sowing has already reached 71% of the area and the crops are predominantly in vegetative development and in good phytosanitary conditions. In turn, in Mato Grosso, operations, which progressed more slowly due to the drought, progressed more markedly after the rains occurred in the third ten days of November. The State's crops demonstrate good phytosanitary conditions and good vegetative development.
The sowing of the first bean crop was completed in 45,7% of the projected national area, according to Conab. In Paraná, according to Deral/PR, 99% of the planned area has already been sown and harvesting has started in the earliest crops. Paraná's crops develop mainly under reasonable and average conditions, so that productivity varies according to the climatic conditions of each region. In the northern region of Paraná, cultural treatments and the application of pesticides occurred as expected and the beans have demonstrated good vegetative appearance.
On the other hand, crops in the southwest and south regions have been severely affected by the rains since October and demonstrate low production potential. A high incidence of diseases favored by high humidity was reported, in addition to irregular stands and plants with chlorotic and wilted leaves.
In Santa Catarina, excessive rainfall also harmed the progress of sowing during the month of November, with losses due to excessive humidity and the incidence of fungal diseases, notably anthracnose, one of the most relevant in bean cultivation. In Minas Gerais, the lack of significant volumes of rain and the high temperatures recorded prevented further progress in bean sowing, which reached 68,5% of the area, but crops sown earlier have already started flowering. In Goiás, the sowing of the first bean crop is coming to an end, with 96% of the area already sown.
Operations have already been completed in irrigated areas, but were hampered in rainfed crops, where greater progress was made only after rainfall and milder temperatures were recorded. In Bahia, sowing is still in its infancy and notably delayed compared to the past cycle: 17% in the current harvest compared to the 51,1% sown in the same period in the previous harvest, which is due to the lack of rain in the Bahian territory.
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