Flavonoids are emerging as an alternative to chemical insecticides.

Flavonoids are gaining ground as an alternative to synthetic insecticides in the control of agricultural pests. A scientific review points to the direct action of these metabolites on the digestion, growth, and survival of insects.

Flavonoids are part of the secondary metabolism of plants. These compounds act as a biochemical barrier against herbivores. The literature describes antifeedant and antibiosis activity. The metabolites reduce food intake, interfere with nutrient absorption, and inhibit growth and metamorphosis.

Experiments confirm the potential. Increasing the concentration of flavonoids in an artificial diet reduced the survival of Nilaparvata lugensField tests recorded control of Spodoptera litura with effectiveness comparable to chemical pesticides.

Studies also report action on digestive enzymes. Quercetin decreased lipase, protease, and alpha-amylase activities in the digestive tract of the diamondback moth. Other flavonoids affected hormones linked to molting and development, leading to mortality in different larval stages.

Molecular docking analyses reinforce the evidence. Compounds such as rutin, quercetin, vitexin, and kaempferol interacted with the beta-glucosidase enzyme of Spodoptera frugiperda. The binding affinity showed a level similar to that of commercial insecticides.

In addition to their direct action, flavonoids participate in hormonal regulation in plants. These compounds interact with jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene. This interaction intensifies defense responses and increases resistance to herbivores.

Research is advancing in formulations. Plant extracts with high flavonoid content are already being used in emulsifiable concentrates tested against aphids and whiteflies. Some botanical products have achieved superior efficiency to synthetic insecticides in controlled trials.

Despite the progress, bottlenecks limit widespread adoption. Researchers point to the absence of standardized extraction protocols, short shelf life, and the need for more field trials. The review indicates that flavonoids have the potential to be integrated into integrated pest management programs and reduce dependence on synthetic molecules.

More information at doi.org/10.17221/56/2025-PPS