Development of nanopesticides and nanofertilizers provides new tools for sustainable agricultural growth

A review work conducted by scientists from the Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) and Embrapa Meio Ambiente analyzed the main types of nanofertilizers and nanopesticides, giving examples of products and their applications in plants in comparison with conventional chemical products , since despite the advantages of using nanotechnology in agriculture, it is necessary to consider its limitations and understand its environmental behavior. The study concluded that although the use of inorganic nanoparticles in agriculture offers opportunities to improve crop yields, it is important to conduct a risk assessment prior to commercialization and use in agricultural practices. To this end, interdisciplinary research is important to support this technological innovation that will help achieve more environmentally sustainable results in food production.

According to Bruno de Souza, from UEL, fertilization with nutrients and the use of pesticides in agriculture help to improve the productivity and quality of crops. However, its use can cause harm to organisms present in the environment.

"Therefore, it is necessary to look for an innovative alternative that increases the effectiveness of fertilizers and pesticides, reducing their environmental impact and improving food production, explains Souza.

In this regard, nanotechnology is emerging as a promising alternative. According to Jhones Oliveira, from Unesp, nanotechnology used for agri-food purposes is seen as a sustainable approach, safer for human and animal consumption and for the environment, in addition to increasing agricultural productivity. "Nanofertilizers offer benefits in nutritional management and nanopesticides provide better pest control", believes Oliveira.

Inorganic nanoparticles can be used in association with active organic ingredients or as active ingredients. Their absorption by the body and the subsequent toxicity of inorganic nanoparticles in the environment depend on their physicochemical characteristics.

Therefore, explains Halley Oliveira, from UEL, it is essential to understand the biological responses to the exposure of these nanoparticles in non-target organisms belonging to various trophic levels that may pose a risk to human health.

In this context, studies of absorption, translocation, internalization and assessment of nutritional quality must be carried out to understand the interactions of nanoparticles with organisms.

As demonstrated, says Embrapa Meio Ambiente researcher Vera Castro, the research and development of nanopesticides and nanofertilizers can provide new tools that support the sustainable growth of agriculture.

The study is by Bruno Teixeira de Sousa, UEL, Jhones Luiz de Oliveira, Unesp, Halley Oliveira, UEL and Vera Castro, Embrapa Meio Ambiente and is available here.