With high added value in production, cotton plants need special care due to the presence of nematodes

On a first reading, we can say, without risk of inaccuracy or exaggeration, that cotton is one of the most present products in the planet's production chain, serving as food for the clothing of millions of people around the world. However, even with all this protagonism in human daily life, little is disclosed about the stages that precede its consumption, characterized by the cultivation and management of cotton crops in the country.

With an estimated production of 1.964,7 thousand tons of feather for the 2017/18 harvest, 28,5% more than the previous period, according to data from Conab (National Supply Company), and present, for the most part , in the states of Mato Grosso, Bahia, Goiás and Minas Gerais, cotton demands high production costs. However, from the moment the investment stage is overcome, cultivation becomes responsible for significant income generation for producers, having a profound impact on the economic and social development indicators of the regions where the crops are located. For this success to be achieved and maintained, it is essential that the producer has correct and adequate information about the dangers inherent to the crop.

Due to the difficulties in adapting to Brazil's tropical climate, the cotton plant is highly sensitive to certain diseases, with nematodes causing the most damaging diseases to plants. The presence of these organisms parasitizing the roots makes it difficult to take up and transport water and nutrients from the soil to the plants, damaging the development and quality of the product. Annually, losses from these parasites can reach R$1,5 billion for Brazilian cotton farmers.

A crucial point in combating this pest is, above all, the knowledge acquired about its actions. Because they develop below the ground, nematodes are difficult to see in the initial stage, which gives the farmer the illusory feeling that the crop is operating normally. Given this, he must face the issue permanently and preventively, with the awareness that, at any time, his lands can be affected by these organisms.

To this end, carrying out integrated nematode management such as crop rotation, chemical, biological and genetic control are some of the examples of activities that should be routine for the farmer. Sampling monitoring, together with laboratories and qualified professionals, must also be taken into consideration so that it is possible to indicate the effects of nematodes and assist the farmer in making decisions after diagnosis.

By Rafael Galbieri

By Rafael Galbieri