How much is your used harvester worth?

The mechanization of harvesting provided a significant increase in grain production and work performance, bringing several benefits, including cost reduction and agility in carrying out work. Considering the last 15 years, approximately 65.400 harvesters were sold to the domestic market, with an average of 4.360 machines annually, according to data from Anfavea.

The greater the number, size and complexity of machines, the more important management becomes for better business profitability. Harvesting is one of the most important activities in agriculture due to its high added value. However, purchasing a new harvester requires a high investment, which the farmer is often unable to obtain, so purchasing a used one may be the solution.

Only technical criteria can guide a reliable assessment, as there are many used harvesters in different states of conservation. A good resale value can be achieved if certain aspects are observed: general inspection of each machine after the harvest or period of use; use of original parts, trained mechanics and appropriate tools; use of an authorized dealer; use of preventive or predictive maintenance; use of a well-engineered machine; planning of repairs, renovation and revision; use of first-rate inputs (fuels, lubricants, parts, labor).

The costs related to the mechanization of agricultural operations, in different crops, represent between 10% and 30% of total production costs, demonstrating the importance of choosing the most appropriate equipment for the production process.

Whenever possible, you should choose used equipment that, even at the end of its useful life, presents good resale conditions. This choice must be subject to constant market analysis, as only technical criteria can guide a reliable assessment, as There is a lot of used equipment on the market in different states of conservation.

DEPRECIATION

All machines and equipment suffer a loss of value and efficiency caused by the passage of time through wear and tear or technological obsolescence, known as depreciation. There are several ways to carry out its calculation, with the market value method, carried out through a survey of current values, estimating the value of the equipment used and is considered the most accurate.

Currently, the popularization of used machinery dealers' websites favors the research of current values, making it possible to estimate values ​​in relation to the year of manufacture of various equipment. In general, the internet pages contain the brand, model, year of manufacture, resale value, state of the federation, among others.

HARVESTERS MARKET VALUE

To carry out research on average prices for passenger vehicles, utility vehicles, motorcycles, trucks and minibuses, companies or research foundations are used (Molicar, Fundação Instituto de Pesquisas Econômicas – FIPE, Webmotors, among others), but in none of these companies It is possible to check average prices for agricultural harvesters.

For example, the FIPE table expresses average vehicle prices actually charged in the market on a national basis, with transactions occurring above or below published prices. To obtain the average market value, prices of vehicles from different regions of the country and with different characteristics are considered, disregarding, for calculation purposes, those prices that are excessively far from the average, serving as a reference for purchase and sale.

Having analyzed the lack of information on the average price of used harvesters, a work team and a methodology were created to, in an impartial way, create a method that calculates the average price and serves as a reference, reflecting the closest commercial value possible with the harvester sought.

Therefore, this estimation method aims to assist technicians and producers in researching the market values ​​of harvesters, helping to make the best choice for the property and producer's needs.

THE METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATING MARKET VALUE.

The data used in this work were computed between March and April 2011, September and December 2012, March and May 2013 and April and May 2014, where electronic pages specializing in the resale of used harvesters were searched, namely: AgroLink, Agromaquinasusadas , MFRural, Real Tratores, Tratoreseharvesteiras.

The response variables were: brand (Case, John Deere, Massey Ferguson, New Holland and Valtra), model, year of manufacture of the equipment, price and state of the federation (AL, BA, DF, ES, GO, MA MG, MS, MT, PB, PE, PR, RS, SC, SE, SP and TO). The data were collected between the years of manufacture from 1990 to 2014 and were tabulated in an electronic spreadsheet forming a sequence of data according to the order of the response variables.

Statistical analyzes were subsequently carried out: sample mean, 95% confidence interval of the mean, standard deviation, exponential regression analysis.

For validation, 3.022 harvesters were found distributed according to Graph 1. Graph 2 shows the behavior of the loss of average value in percentage found between the years 1990 and 2014.

Graph 1: Number of used harvesters for sale found each year.

Graph2 - Relationship between the age of the machine and percentage compared to new.

Graph 3- Relationship between the age of the machine and percentage compared to new for the example.

To estimate the market value of a used harvester, the value of the new machine is obtained and multiplied by the percentage coefficient in relation to the new one according to Graph 2. If the equipment no longer exists in the manufacturer's production line, it is used the value of the current similar.

CALCULATION EXAMPLE

In the box to the side you can view the methodology used to evaluate the updated market value of a used harvester.

This project aims to assist in the creation of a technical-scientific estimation method, exempt, for the market value of self-propelled harvesters, thus assisting the technician or farmer in negotiating their agricultural equipment, in a similar way practiced by FIPE, MOLICAR and others.

BOX 1 – EXAMPLE OF CALCULATION OF DEPRECIATION OF A USED HARVESTER

To find the updated value of the used machine, we will use the machine below as an example:

Massey Ferguson harvester, model MF 5650, year of manufacture 2004.

Value of new/similar new: R$488.000,00.

Harvester age: 10 years.

From graph 3 it is possible to find the relationship between year of manufacture and percentage compared to new.

Loss of value: 40% (red trace)

Estimate of the value used = New or similar value X % (decimal) in relation to the new one.

Estimated value used: R$ 488.000,00 X 0,40

Estimated value used = R$ 195.200,00

This article was published in issue 145 of Cultivar Máquinas magazine. Click here to read the edition.